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not the best kind of evidence; but they are the only evidence available in this case and I am aware of nothing which militates against that evidence. I, therefore, accept it subject to future correction.

Now, we have to see who this Kalinga Gangu was and when he flourished. Among the kings of Kalinga, there was only one king who was surnamed Ganga. That was king Anantavarma surnamed Chodakalinga Ganga, who was crowned in the Saka year 999 and reigned for 60 years[1]. About this time, there was another king who bore the name Choda Ganga-viz. Raja Raja Choda Ganga of Vengi who was crowned in Saka year 1006[2]. He was the grandson of the great Chalukya king Raja Raja and governed the Vengi country on behalf of his father Kulotthunga Choda I. For our present purposes it is immaterial which of these two kings was the patron of Bhima Kavi but the appellation Kalinga Gangu appropriately belongs to Anantavarma.

This leads to the conclusion that the poet Bhima must have flourished about the close of the 11th century or the beginning of tho 12th century A. D., and, therefore, subsequent to tho time of Nannaya Bhatta who was the poet Laureate of Raja Raja. It was held by the late Mr. Gurazada


  1. (a) Epigraphia Indica. Vol. 18.
  2. (b) Epigraphia Indica Vol. ?