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ఆధునికయుగం : గ్రా౦థిక వ్యావహారిక వాదాలు 293

mind that the rules of grammar have no value except as statements of facts ; Whatever is in general use in a language is for that very reason grammatically correct. A vulgarism and the corresponding standard or polite expression are equally grammatical each in its own sphere if only they are in general use. But whenever usage is not fixed whenever we hesitate between different ways of expression or have to find a new way of expression is most in accordance with the genius of the language, least ambiguous, most concise' - Henry Sweet's 'New English Grammar', part 1, p.5, as quoted by Gurajada, MD' p.47.

"We do not study grammar in order to get mastery over our own language, because in the nature of things we must have that mastery before we begin to study grammar at all, nor is grammar of much use in correcting vulgarisms, provincialisms and other linguistic defects, for these are more dependent on social influences at home and at school than grammatical training" - I bid., p.4 & 5.

"Dr. Johnson in the plan of his dictionary issued in 1747, declared that one end of his undertaking was: 'to fix the English language'. But a man could not compile a vocabulary of the tongue without learning something of the nature of speech. By the time he finished his work, he had been cured of this particular error. It seemed impossible for most men of the present to-comprehend the elementary principle that in order to have language become fixed, it is first necessary that those who speak it should become dead, at least intellectually, if not physically. Then indeed it can undergo no change for there is no one to change it" -Lounsbury in 'The Standard of Usage', p.143, as quoted by G. V. Ramamurti, Vyasavali, p.98-102.

"To change the rules of grammar first, and to seek to change usage in accordance with such change is an impossible process in respect of a living language and wanton vandalism in respect of a language that is dead" -Gurajada. M.D, p. 51-52.

6. (a) "It will perhaps be desirable to fix a time-limit and rule that no book written after that limit should be